The ACCURATE study was a prospective, randomized, multi-center, controlled clinical trial that demonstrated non-inferiority and superiority of DRGS over traditional SCS (t-SCS) at three months, with results sustained at 12 months. An increasing number of pain centers are using DRGS as either first-line neuromodulation or in cases where SCS has failed. Īdvances in neuromodulation technology have led to the development and implementation of dorsal root ganglia stimulation (DRGS). Yet, no difference in pain was perceived during three to five years following implantation. In a randomized study involving 24 patients with CRPS, SCS plus physical therapy (PT) reduced pain and improved health-related quality of life more than PT alone for up to two years. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a procedure in which electrodes are placed into the dorsal epidural space, is an available treatment option for neuropathic pain conditions such as failed back surgery syndrome and CRPS. The incidence of CRPS in population-based studies is between 5 and 26 per 100,000 per year. Type II describes patients with peripheral nerve injury. Type I corresponds to patients with CRPS without evidence of peripheral nerve injury. There are two subtypes of CRPS that have been recognized. The consensus definition of CRPS describes an array of painful conditions that are characterized by regional pain that is disproportionate in time or degree to the usual course of any known trauma or lesion and shows variable progression over time. The Budapest consensus criteria for the clinical diagnosis of CRPS include continuing pain disproportionate to any inciting event and the patient must report at least one symptom in three of the following four categories: sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/edema, and motor/trophic. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) was previously called reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), “causalgia,” or reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND).
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